Opinion
What You Should Know About Plagiarism
By JD Ephraim
Let us discuss a little bit about a subject most of us are guilty of,most of the time, for various reasons. It is PLAGIARISM.
ORIGINALITY is the opposite of plagiarism. We shall discuss the concept of originality later, but not here.
Where one fails to adhere to the concept of originality in his work or posting write-ups in fora , then he is said to be guilty of plagiarism.
Plagiarism emanated from the Latin word” PLAGIARUS “. It means ” KIDNAPPERS”. This idea dates back to the period of the early Roman Philosophers. In that time , it connotes stealing of someone else’s work.
This was pioneered by the Roman Poet (Marital) who complained that another poet had “kidnapped” his verse.
Later, it was introduced into English literary works by Ben Johnson(Dramatis) describing it as PLAGIARISM, meaning some one guilty of literary theft.( Carry J. How to combat student plagiarism , 2013).
The Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, describes plagiarism as the taking of some one’s ideas or words and using them as if they were one’s own. Webster’s Dictionary describes it as ” ……. stealing and passing off….”.
According to Park, plagiarism means, ” to use and pass off , the ideas or writings of another one’s own”.
Plagiarism occurs when one copies a whole or a portion of another’s work, without making reference to him/her. There has not been proper citation or referencing and when discovered, it is academic theft or “kidnap” and a breach of the copyright law.
Therefore, to avoid plagiarism and its likely sanctions when caught, one is advised to be aware of the concept of originality and its rules which we shall discuss later. This is regulated by section 16 of the Copyright Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria(LFN),2004.
Copyright Law prohibits any form of copying protected works and expressions(but not ideas ), of others whether or not attribution is given, whereas plagiarism prohibits the presentation of another’s ideas, and expression without attribution to the author. Plagiarism thus presents a more rigorous standard by insisting that a writer or a person posting an article in a WhatsApp forum should attribute the source of his/her ideas and expressions, failure of which could mislead a reader into assuming that those ideas and expressions are actually the writer’s.
In academic writing, the writer has a duty to know when his exposure and reliance on the work of others is so direct and substantial that it is deceitful,and unfair not to recognise that work as a contributing source for one’s work(David, A.T. How Educators can more effectively understand and combat the plagiarism epidemic, 2004).
Likely causes of plagiarism have been identified but we will not go into them here.
Therefore, people should exercise caution in taking other people’s work without duly complying with the stipulated rules of ORIGINALITY. This caution can be achieved by being conversant with the techniques, and mechanics of citation and references. By merely forwarding an article without indication of the author could make one liable for the offence even when the forwarding sign had been shown. It is better to indicate ” copied” and the source.
JD Ephraim is a lawyer and writes from Abuja
Heineken Lokpobiri, minister of state for petroleum resources, says the federal government plans to commence implementing the drill-or-drop provisions of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA).
Section 94 of the PIA gives operators a period of three years to begin oil production or relinquish the assets to the federal government.
Speaking during the Cross Industry Group (CIG) meeting held on Tuesday in Florence, Italy, Lokpobiri said it is in the best interest of the country that all inactive wells go to work.
He said the federal government, under the leadership of President Bola Tinubu, has provided every necessary incentive to ensure international oil companies (IOCs) in Nigeria run smoothly and profitably.
“Now, it is imperative for these industry players to match the government’s efforts with increased investment by announcing final investment decisions (FIDs),” he said.
Furthermore, Lokpobiri discussed “the challenges, expectations, and measures to enhance the sector’s contributions towards domestic energy needs and regional expansion across Sub-Saharan Africa”.
He emphasised that while IOCs have highlighted engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractors as a challenge, “EPCs will not come unless they see strong commitments from industry players”.
“The government has done its part to provide the requisite and investment-friendly fiscals, the ball is now in the court of the IOCs and other operators to make strategic investment decisions that will drive increased production and sustainability in the sector,” he said.
“We must also recognise that domestic crude supply is essential to national energy security. The best solution to this challenge lies in increasing production, which will ensure a balance between domestic supply obligations and external commitments.”
The minister further urged industry players to explore collaborative measures, such as shared resources for contiguous assets and the release of underutilised assets to operators ready to invest in production.
The Progressive Students Movement (PSM), a leading Pan-African student body, has commended the leadership of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) in Ogun State under Commissioner of Police (CP) Lanre Ogunlowo, PhD, for its commitment to security and community engagement.
In a statement released on Thursday, the President of PSM Nigeria, Comrade Ambassador Okereafor Bestman, highlighted the CP’s efforts in strengthening collaboration between the police, stakeholders, and other security agencies to maintain peace and stability in the state.
“It is worthy of note that CP Lanre Ogunlowo, PhD, has further fostered a harmonious working synergy between the police, stakeholders, and other security agents aimed at ensuring peace and tranquility in Ogun State,” Okereafor said.
The student leader expressed confidence in CP Ogunlowo’s leadership, stating that Ogun State is on track to becoming one of the most peaceful states in Nigeria under his administration.
He also praised the professionalism and dedication of the Ogun State Police Command in tackling crime, regardless of its scale.
Additionally, PSM acknowledged the Ogun State government’s continued support for security agencies, particularly in providing mobility and logistics to enhance their operational efficiency.
The commendation comes at a time when security remains a top priority for residents and authorities in the state, with ongoing efforts to curb crime and ensure public safety.
BY ABUBAKAR YUSUF
On assumption of duty in January, 2025 , the new Universal Basic Education Commission, UBEC, Boss and well grounded World Bank expert , Aisha Garba envisaged the need to reposition the Basic Education through interfacing with the critical stakeholders.
Amongst them is the office of the National Security Adviser , NSA, led by Malam Nuhu Ribadu whose achievements in the last few years in the area of security has become distinct and outstanding.
Therefore, seeking to cooperate and collaborate with the office became germane and needful particularly the protection of lives and properties of actors in the promotion of Basic Education ranging from the pupils , teachers , workers and facilitators to enable it drive the new wave to curb Out of School Children OOSC in the country.
Aside providing the basic security arrangements for schools , the need to engage the security apparatus at the level of National Security Adviser NSA became needful, so as to address the sophistry of security problems in the country, to nip in the bud any unforseen circumstances.
With the high rates of kidnappings, abduction , banditry, cattle rustling, ritual tendencies among many other vices, the idea of bringing on board , the security architecture of the country in all ramifications will assist the commission to consolidate the implementation of Basic Education policies and programs, also introduce new ones .
Since pupils at the Primary, Junior Secondary and Secondary Schools are prone to such ugly development and security issues , the need to be proactive on the part of the commission became timely and desiring.
This led to the success story of the bilateral interface between the management of the commission and NSA, to streamline, perfect and chart a new course on the issue of security of actors in the Basic Education.
The visit described as timely and long overdue, discussed fruitfully the way forward and the immediate and long term intervention of both agencies in the area of collaboration.
According to the Executive Secretary, Universal Basic Education Commission UBEC, Dr Aisha Garba she stated by discussing” strategic initiatives aimed at enhancing educational access and security in Nigeria. ”
She further said” the engagement focused on strategies to address challenges such as the safety of schools, particularly in vulnerable regions, and the promotion of equitable education for all children.”
“the meeting highlighted the critical intersection between education and national security and the need for collaboration between UBEC and Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), on improving access to basic education and safety of safety schools across the nation. ”
“This collaboration underscores the government’s commitment to fostering a secure and inclusive learning environment as part of its broader agenda to strengthen the nation’s educational framework,” it added.
“UBEC boss had pledged to engage critical stakeholders to break down barriers to education and create inclusive learning opportunities for children across the six geopolitical regions of the country.”
“She said: “My goal is to deliver on this mandate which includes strengthening collaboration, partnerships and institutional learning for effective service delivery. ”
“Together, we will work to increase access, improve quality, provide conducive and safe learning environments, supply adequate teaching and learning materials, and adopt the concept of ‘best fit’ in addressing specific basic education challenges, state by state and region by region”.
Highlights of the program which included the engagement of both bodies with a commitment to ensure the introduction of security architecture in schools in Nigeria is achievable.
Written BY ABUBAKAR YUSUF on yus.abubakar3@gmail.com.