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Ukraine’s Turbulent History Since Independence In 1991

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Russian forces fired missiles at several Ukrainian cities and landed
troops on its south coast on Thursday, right after Russian President
Vladimir Putin authorised what he called a special military operation
in eastern Ukraine.

Here is a timeline of the main events in Ukraine’s political history
since it won independence from Moscow in 1991.

1991: Leonid Kravchuk, leader of the Soviet republic of Ukraine,
declares independence from Moscow. In a referendum and presidential
election, Ukrainians approve independence and elect Kravchuk
president.

1994: Leonid Kuchma beats Kravchuk in a presidential election deemed
largely free and fair by observers.

1999: Kuchma is re-elected in a vote riddled with irregularities.

2004: Pro-Russian candidate Viktor Yanukovich is declared president
but allegations of vote-rigging trigger protests in what becomes known
as the Orange Revolution, forcing a re-run of the vote. A pro-Western
former prime minister, Viktor Yushchenko, is elected president.

1994: Leonid Kuchma beats Kravchuk in a presidential election deemed
largely free and fair by observers.

1999: Kuchma is re-elected in a vote riddled with irregularities.

2004: Pro-Russian candidate Viktor Yanukovich is declared president
but allegations of vote-rigging trigger protests in what becomes known
as the Orange Revolution, forcing a re-run of the vote. A pro-Western
former prime minister, Viktor Yushchenko, is elected president.

2005: Yushchenko takes power with promises to lead Ukraine out of the
Kremlin’s orbit, towards NATO and the EU. He appoints former energy
company boss Yulia Tymoshenko as prime minister but after in-fighting
in the pro-Western camp, she is sacked.

2008: NATO promises Ukraine it will one day join the alliance.

2010: Yanukovich defeats Tymoshenko in a presidential election. Russia
and Ukraine clinch a gas pricing deal in exchange for extending the
lease for the Russian navy in a Ukrainian Black Seaport.

2013: Yanukovich’s government suspends trade and association talks
with the EU in November and opts to revive economic ties with Moscow,
triggering months of mass rallies in Kyiv.

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2014: The protests, largely focused around Kyiv’s Maidan square, turn
violent. Dozens of protesters are killed.

February 2014: The parliament votes to remove Yanukovich, who flees.
Within days, armed men seize parliament in the Ukrainian region of
Crimea and raise the Russian flag. Moscow annexes the territory after
a March 16 referendum which shows overwhelming support in Crimea for
joining the Russian Federation

April 2014: Pro-Russian separatists in the eastern region of Donbass
declare independence. Fighting breaks out, which has continued
sporadically into 2022, despite frequent ceasefires.

May 2014: Businessman Petro Poroshenko wins a presidential election
with a pro-Western agenda.

July: 2014: A missile brings down passenger plane MH17 en route from
Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, killing all 298 people on board.
Investigators trace back the weapon used to Russia, which denies
involvement.

2017: An association agreement between Ukraine and the EU opens
markets for free trade of goods and services, and visa-free travel to
the EU for Ukrainians.

2019: A new Ukrainian Orthodox church wins formal recognition,
angering the Kremlin

Former comic actor Volodymyr Zelenskiy defeats Poroshenko in an April
presidential election on promises to tackle corruption and end the war
in eastern Ukraine. His Servant of the People party wins a July
parliamentary election.

U.S. President Donald Trump asks Zelenskiy in July to investigate Joe
Biden, his rival in the U.S. presidential race, and Biden’s son Hunter
over possible business dealings in Ukraine. The call leads to a failed
attempt to impeach Trump.

March 2020: Ukraine goes into its first lockdown to curb COVID-19.

June 2020: The IMF approves a $5 billion lifeline to help Ukraine
stave off default during a pandemic-induced recession.

Jan. 2021: Zelenskiy appeals to Biden, now U.S. president, to let
Ukraine join NATO.

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Feb. 2021: Zelenskiy’s government imposes sanctions on Viktor
Medvedchuk, an opposition leader and the Kremlin’s most prominent ally
in Ukraine.

Spring 2021: Russia masses troops near Ukraine’s borders in what it
says are training exercises.

Oct. 2021: Ukraine uses a Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drone for the first
time in eastern Ukraine, angering Russia.

Autumn 2021: Russia again begins massing troops near Ukraine.

Dec. 7, 2021: Biden warns Russia of sweeping Western economic
sanctions if it invades Ukraine.

Dec. 17: Russia presents detailed security demands including a legally
binding guarantee that NATO will give up any military activity in
eastern Europe and Ukraine.

Jan. 14: A cyberattack warning Ukrainians to “be afraid and expect the
worst” hits Ukrainian government websites.

Jan. 17: Russian forces start arriving in Belarus, to the north of
Ukraine, for joint drills.

Jan. 24: NATO puts forces on standby and reinforces eastern Europe
with more ships and fighter jets.

Jan. 26: Washington presents a written response to Russia’s security
demands, repeating a commitment to NATO’s “open-door” policy while
offering “pragmatic” discussions of Moscow’s concerns.

Jan. 28: President Vladimir Putin says Russia’s main security demands
have not been addressed.

Feb. 2: The United States says it will send 3,000 extra troops to
Poland and Romania to help shield NATO allies in eastern Europe from
any spillover from the crisis.

Feb. 4: Putin, at the Beijing Winter Olympics, wins Chinese support
for his demand that Ukraine not be allowed to join NATO.

Feb. 7: French President Emmanuel Macron sees some hope for a
diplomatic resolution of the crisis after meeting Putin in the
Kremlin. Macron then visits Kyiv and praises the “sang-froid” of
Zelenskiy and the Ukrainian people.

Feb. 9: Biden says “things could go crazy quickly” as the U.S. State
Department advises Americans in Ukraine to leave immediately. Other
countries also urge their nationals to leave.

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Feb. 14: Zelenskiy urges Ukrainians to fly flags and sing the national
anthem in unison on Feb. 16, a date some Western media say Russia
could invade.

Feb. 15: Russia says some of its troops are returning to base after
exercises near Ukraine and mocks Western warnings about a looming
invasion. Russia’s parliament asks Putin to recognise as independent
two Russian-backed breakaway regions in eastern Ukraine.

Feb. 18: U.S. ambassador to the Organisation for Security and
Cooperation in Europe Michael Carpenter says Russia has probably
massed between 169,000-190,000 personnel in and near Ukraine.

Feb. 19: Russia’s strategic nuclear forces hold exercises overseen by Putin.

Feb. 21: Macron says Biden and Putin have agreed in principle to a
summit over Ukraine.

In a televised address, Putin says Ukraine is an integral part of
Russian history, has never had a history of genuine statehood, is
managed by foreign powers, and has a puppet regime. Putin signs
agreements to recognise breakaway regions in eastern Ukraine as
independent and order Russian troops there.

Feb. 22: U.S., UK, and their allies enact sanctions on Russian
parliament members, banks, and other assets. Germany halts the final
certification of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline that was still waiting for
approval.

Putin, in a television address, demands Ukraine demilitarise and says
the Minsk peace agreement over breakaway republics no longer exists,
blaming Kyiv for killing the deal.

Feb. 23: Russian-backed separatist leaders ask Russia for help in
repelling aggression from the Ukrainian army.

Feb. 24: Russian President Putin authorizes “special military
operations” in eastern Ukraine and asks Ukrainian forces to lay down
their arms in a televised address. Russian forces begin missile and
artillery attacks on Ukrainian forces and air bases, striking areas in
major cities. (Reuters/NAN)

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NAHCON Workers Protest Alleged Favoritism, Unjust Postings

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The Association of Senior Civil Servants in Nigeria has accused the leadership of the National Hajj Commission of Nigeria (NAHCON) of alleged favoritism and unjust placement of pool officers over the commission workers.

They said that if not addressed urgently, these problems may undermine the morale of dedicated NAHCON staff and hinder the commission’s efficiency in fulfilling its mandate.

The union revealed this in a letter titled, “Urgent concerns regarding the placement of pool officers and administrative lapses”, dated March 3, 2025, and addressed to the NAHCON executive council and board members.

This is the first time in the history of the commission and Hajj industry in the country that staff are officially groaning over alleged misconduct and irregularities by the commission’s leadership.

The letter obtained by this newspaper was signed by the union’s executive officers in NAHCON.

The workers’ petition came weeks after the media reported the chairman’s leadership deficiencies and alleged nepotism, and how he is being influenced by some inexperienced family members including his biological brother Surajo, who is one of the chairman’s special assistants.

Mr Surajo is accused of misleading the chairman —who is reported to have a gross deficiency in reading and writing in the English Language — to minute on official memos, a development irking the commission staff members, state pilgrims boards and tour operators.

The chairman also reportedly appointed his biological son Aliyu as his assistant.

There is also the case of Abdulmalik Diggi, the chairman’s nephew, who was brought by the chairman as SA and deployed to the department of account as a deputy director. The DD is being accused of circumventing financial regulations – in cahoots with some aides of the chairman— to approve funds without due process

Findings by this newspaper have shown that another challenge facing the commission is how one state in the Northeast cornered all the critical leadership positions in NAHCON.

Borno state currently corners most of the juicy positions in the commission — in glaring disregard to federal character principles, an insider said.

Five critical positions are all occupied by Borno state indigenes namely — the secretary to the commission, the Director of Admin and Human Resources, the Deputy Director of Audit, the Director of Protocol, the Deputy Director of Procurement, and a Board member representing Northeast.

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The workers also raised the cases of civil servants who retired from their parent organizations but only to be posted to NAHCON.

Another alleged impunity is the case of Mr Usman Mamza, from Borno State, who served as legal adviser in NAHCON after he retired from the Federal Ministry of Justice in April 2024. The Director of Admin, who hails from the same state as Mamza is allegedly blocking the investigation of the case.

The commission’s Director of Protocol Bulama is reportedly still at NAHCON even though he has reached retirement age.

Insiders said there are plans to recall a staff identified as Tawfiq Tayo Akinwale, who contested the governorship election in Oyo State under the Labour Party (LP) in 2023.

Mr Akinwale contested the elections and lost while still staff at NAHCON in violation of the Electoral Act 2022 and the Public Service Rules. The Zikirullah Kunle Hassan-led leadership had to sack him after mounting pressure from the commission workers.

It was learned that a former minister from the Southwest had given a note to the incumbent NAHCON leadership to facilitate his return to the commission.

Also, many staff members of the commission, this newspaper reliably gathered, are grumbling over the alleged overbearing influence of some DSS personnel attached to the chairman. One of the DSS details, Ibrahim Abubakar, was accused of abandoning his protective detail role and dabbling into the operational and administrative affairs of the commission. An insider said the DSS detail, allegedly in cahoots with some of his colleagues outside, is deeply interfering in the administrative activities of the commission.

“There have been several administrative lapses, particularly with regards to the actions of the Chairman/CEO’s Special Assistant (SA) who has been involved in matters of payment and approvals without adhering to proper protocols,” the union said in its petition.

The union also lamented the case of a special assistant to NAHCON Chairman and CEO, Professor Abdullahi Saleh Usman, “who has been involved in matters of payment and approvals without adhering to proper protocols.”

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One of his SA’s scandals was detected, and the cabal allegedly destroyed the evidence— by shredding the official documents. Some staff members who spoke to this newspaper have called on EFCC to probe this case diligently.

The workers are miffed that at a time the commission’s chairman is busy trying to deploy the majority of the staff to the office of the Head of Service of the Federation for posting over alleged redundancy, he is at the same time appointing personal aides and deploying them to many critical departments.

Insiders told this newspaper that the chairman has already penciled down the names of 70 staff to be sent to the head of service for posting.

The union’s executives were reportedly summoned by a member of the NAHCON board representing the NIA. They were accused of “blowing up the cover of the NIA officer in NAHCON” in their petition.

However, the workers argued that the presence of NIA in the commission is illegal because it has no statutory role to play. They also said, after all, they didn’t mention the name of the affected “officer” in their petition. The workers also raised the membership of the security agency on the NAHCON board.

“This is new to us. The NAHCON Act doesn’t make provision for membership of the security agency on its board. This is another flagrant violation of the commission law,” a senior staff who spoke to our reporter anonymously said.

Another development that drew the ire of the commission’s workers is the plans by Professor Usman-led leadership to spend N640 million to sponsor 50 staff to “travel to Saudi Arabia for Umrah monitoring.”

Many of the staff described this as a jamboree, particularly at a time when the commission is always cup at hand begging for operational funds from the government.

Part of the union’s letter reads: “It has come to our notice that pool officers recently posted to NAHCON have been placed in critical leadership positions ahead of seasoned NAHCON staff, who have dedicated years of service to the Hajj industry.

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“A recent instance is the replacement of the Head of Policy and Research, a NAHCON staff, with an officer from the National Intelligence Agency (NIA), despite the absence of a vacancy.

To address this anomaly, the union has urged the executive council and board members to immediately withdraw all pool officers in major divisions.

The union said, “Pool officers who have been placed in strategic positions ahead of NAHCON staff should be withdrawn to ensure fairness and recognition of institutional experience.

The union also said, “Pool officers should also not be allowed to participate in the pre-hajj visit or the 2025 hajj operations at the expense of NAHCON staff.”

Veteran federal civil servants said populating the commission with seconded staff would degrade the institutional memory of the Hajj organization. “NAHCON staff should be trained to rise from bottom to top, to preserve the institutional memory of the commission. But when you adopt a revolving door policy — where staff are deployed and redeployed after some years – the founding father’s idea of establishing the Hajj commission is defeated,” one of the founding fathers of NAHCON told this newspaper.

Other staff members who spoke anonymously for fear of a backlash expressed concern over the ongoing face-off between the NAHCON chairman and his board members and commissioners. “This is unprecedented and it dampens the morale of the workforce,” one of them said. The officials said the earlier the commission gets a competent and experienced person to bring back the staff confidence, the better.

The chairman, it was impeccably gathered, is allowing all these problems to fester, including watching his aides threatening the commission staff, because of his alleged closed relationship with the office of the Head of Service of the Federation and the Vice President’s office.

Some commission officials have called for the sacking of the chairman and the board, saying, “It is glaring that the Vice President can’t properly supervise the commission as expected because his office has been compromised.”

They urged EFCC to investigate the commission leadership over the alleged financial recklessness and indiscipline.

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Reps To Probe FG’s Conditional Cash Transfer

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The House of Representatives has resolved to investigate the conditional cash transfer programme of the Federal Government.

Honourable Abass Adigun who moved the motion reminded the House that in order to ensure effective and efficient delivery of the programme in August 2024, nominees for the programme were informed that they will be paid the sum of N50,000 each for three months.

However, some nominees received payment months after information was completed and submitted to the portal, while other nominees have not, and the National Cash Transfer Office has not responded to the payment of other nominees to date.

President Bola Tinubu suspended the scheme – initiated by his predecessor Muhammadu Buhari and administered by the National Social Investment Programme – in January owing to alleged corruption in programme.

But in February, the Federal Government said it was restarting the scheme and is targeting an extra 12 million households that could qualify for these direct payments.

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EFCC Arrests Bauchi Accountant General Over Alleged N70bn Fraud

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Operatives of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) have arrested Sirajo Jaja, the Accountant General of Bauchi State for alleged N70 billion fraud.

He was arrested in Abuja on Wednesday, March 19, 2025 alongside Aliyu Abubakar of Jasfad Resources Enterprise, an unlicensed bureau de change (BDC) operator and Sunusi Ibrahim Sambo, a Point of Sale (PoS) operator.

They were arrested in connection with investigations of money laundering, diversion of public funds and missapropriation to the tune of N70 billion.

The Commission is investigating the Governor of Bauchi State, Bala Mohammed, regarding the matter.

The EFCC said investigations showed that cash withdrawal of N59billion had been made through various bank accounts opened and operated by the Accountant General on behalf of the state government.

The money was allegedly moved to Abubakar and Sambo, who in turn made cash payments to party agents and associates of the governor.

The BDC operator, Abubakar, earlier jumped bail and has now been rearrested.

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